Solution to exercise

(a) Allocation after trade:

units of good, amount of moneypayoff
X0,$2$2
Y1,$0$3
A1,$3$8
B0,$5$5
This allocation is Pareto efficient: it is the allocation associated with the competitive equilibrium in which the price is $2.

(b) Allocation after trade:

units of good, amount of moneypayoff
X0,$2$2
Y0,$3$3
A1,$2$7
B1,$3$5
This allocation is not Pareto efficient: it is dominated by the allocation in part (a), in which A is better off and the other three people have the same payoff as they do here.